My approach to fitness is the same as to food. Simple, common sense, safe and sane. Just as I do not encourage extreme forms of eating, I do not encourage extreme forms of exercise.
Let's put this in proper context and perspective...
Only 20% of Americans meet the minimum requirements for exercise (aerobic & resistance) and on any given day, only 5% of Americans engage in vigorous activity. Over half of Americans do not meet the minimum requirements of exercise and ~25% are considered completely sedentary. This sedentary behavior and the lack of exercise is a main contributor to many of our leading preventable causes of premature disability and death. That means that for over 80% of the population, the most important issue is to be active enough to meet at least the minimum requirements. My goal is to get the 80% active enough to reap the health benefits, not to get them to become extreme athletes, body builders or engage in high level competitive sports.
That is the message. Not one of supplements, protein powders, gimmicks, gadgets, potions, pills, food industry trends, dietary fads, exercise gimmicks, extreme eating or extreme exercise.
No other diet has ever reversed heart disease and all it took was a common sense diet and a common sense amount of activity each day with no extreme forms of eating or exercise.
How much is enough?
The recommended amounts of exercise from most recognized, credible fitness/health organizations (CDC, ACSM, AHA, etc), which I agree with, can be found at these links...
American College of Sports Medicine
http://acsm.org/about-acsm/media-room/n ... f-exercise
Centers For Disease Control & Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/eve ... dults.html
American Heart Association
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHe ... rticle.jsp
World Health Organization
http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity ... adults/en/
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- ... mmend.html
The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guid ... pter4.aspx
American Council on Exercise
http://www.acefitness.org/acefit/fitnes ... cise-tips/
National Health Services UK
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Page ... dults.aspx
USDA 2015 Dietary Guidelines Exercise Recommendations
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You can sum this all up by simply saying - Aim for 30-60 minutes per day, most days of the week (4-6), which will depend on intensity, and will include both aerobic and resistance training. Another way to look at it is, 150 to 300 minutes per week. The inclusion of some balance, flexibility work is also recommended as is a few intervals.
I do not know of any doctor in this field who recommends more than these guidelines as part of any of these programs. The one program that incorporates the most formal exercise is Pritikin, and they use the above guidelines.
Which is the best exercise? The one you will do.
For most all of us, brisk walking along with some resistance training is more than enough. However, if you enjoy another form, just pick the one you enjoy and will do regardless of whether it is walking, jogging, running, swimming, cycling, exercise classes, etc etc.
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Remember, a little is good, a little more may be a little better, but not that much and lots more is not good.