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The particular assortment of microbes in the digestive system may be an important factor in the inflammatory bowel condition known as Crohn's disease.
Research involving more than 1,500 patients found that people with Crohn's disease had less diverse populations of gut microbes
But in 2013, an infectious component revealed itself, in the form of trimethylamine-N-oxide, or TMAO. TMAO isn’t a bacterium itself; rather it’s created when bacteria digest carnitine, a compound found in meat, and lecithin, a fatty substance common in certain foods such as eggs, milk, and some nuts. In research published in Nature Medicine and The New England Journal of Medicine, a team led by Cleveland Clinic’s Stanley Hazen found that human subjects with the highest levels of TMAO in their blood had about twice the risk of having a heart attack, stroke, or death compared to those who had the lowest TMAO levels.
The chain of causation here requires a few clever links. First, the hypothesis goes, the human eats a diet high in meat or lecithin. The gut bacteria feed on carnitin and lectithin and release a substance that in the human liver is turned into TMAO. This excess TMAO allows cholesterol to get into artery walls and also prevents the body from shedding extra cholesterol. Once there, the cholesterol accumulates on the blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis. Hazen’s research is only suggestive; it needs further replication in more human studies. But it suggests a profound departure from our conventional understanding of heart disease, and what role bacteria may play.
The “stomach” and “small intestine” broke down and absorbed some of the cocoa. But while many of the flavonols previously identified in chocolate were digested in this way, there was still plenty of undigested cocoa matter. Gut bacteria in the simulated colon then broke that down further into metabolites, small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream and known to reduce cardiac inflammation. Finally, the last undigested cocoa matter, now mostly fiber, began to ferment, releasing substances that improve cholesterol levels. And there was another health-giving twist to this entire process: The gut microbes that digested the cocoa were desirable probiotics like lactobacillus. Their numbers appeared to increase after the introduction of the cocoa, while less-salutary microbes like staphylococcus declined in number
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. There's a lot of theories about why food allergies, asthma, celiac disease and intestinal disorders like Crohn's disease have been on the rise. My guest, Dr. Martin Blaser, speculates that it may be connected to the overuse of antibiotics, which has resulted in killing off strains of bacteria that typically live in the gut.
Gut bacteria that protect against food allergies identified
Date:
August 25, 2014
Source:
University of Chicago Medical Center
Summary:
The presence of Clostridia, a common class of gut bacteria, protects against food allergies, a new study in mice finds. The discovery points toward probiotic therapies for this so-far untreatable condition. Food allergies affect 15 million Americans, including one in 13 children, who live with this potentially life-threatening disease that currently has no cure, researchers note.
When you move from one house to another, you take all your bacteria with you. In fact, your family's microbiome (or your eco-system of inner and outer bacteria) lays claim to hotel rooms with hours. Our bacterial signatures are so persistent and so unique, a new study published Thursday in Science reports, that they could even be used in forensic investigations — and eventually become more useful to police than an old-fashioned fingerprint. And the same research that could track down a serial killer could also help you raise healthier kids.
Research in animals has shown that bacterial exposure in youth can impact physical and mental development and health for the rest of an organism's life.
or starters, get a dog. Partway through the study, Gilbert did just that. "We saw dogs acting as a super-charged conduit," he said, "transferring bacteria between one human and another, and bringing in outdoor bacteria. They just run around distributing microbes all willy-nilly." Sure enough, his family saw their home's microbiome benefit from the new addition.
Scientists from University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy have pinpointed a vaginal bacterium that naturally plays a role in the organ's defense, isolated and amplified its defense capabilities, and created an antibiotic that can kill harmful pathogens while sparing the bacteria that are an important part of the vagina’s bacterial environment.
"We used to think that drugs were discovered by drug companies and approved by the FDA and then prescribed by a physician, and then they get to you,” lead researcher and biologist Michael Fischbach, Ph.D. told The Huffington Post. "What this finding shows is that bacteria that live on and inside of us are mounting an end run around the process.”
The vaginal bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri was the basis of an antibiotic called lactocillin that can kill the pathogens that cause vaginal infections, but without wiping out the bacteria that coexist peacefully with the organ. Traditional antibiotics can have a scorched earth effect, wiping out all bacteria — even the good kinds — which can lead to more problems down the road.
Artificial sweeteners might be triggering higher blood sugar levels in some people and contributing to the problems they were designed to combat, such as diabetes and obesity, according to new findings published Wednesday in the journal Nature.
Although the precise reasons behind the blood sugar changes remain uncertain, researchers suspect that artificial sweeteners could be disrupting the microbiome, a vast and enigmatic ecosystem of bacteria in our guts.
Separately, the researchers analyzed nearly 400 people and found that the gut bacteria of those who used artificial sweeteners was noticeably different from people who did not.
Artificial sweeteners should be avoided
When researchers fed rats artificial sweeteners at the recommended human doses for three months, they found that their levels of bacteria and diversity dropped significantly.
And this particularly harmed the health-enhancing microbes, according to a 2008 study in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health.
Tests on mice by Israeli researchers suggested that artificial sweeteners can alter the balance of gut bacteria, so that the bugs, in turn, release chemicals that, ironically, raise blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of weight gain and diabetes.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/artic ... z3a2Y6qbc1
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